![]() As I type this, that process-pens, paper, notecards, highlighters- seems from a bygone era. I went to the library with my classmates, and we used the Dewey Decimal System to find books on the topic we wanted to write about. I remember finding and citing textual evidence while writing research papers in middle school. While looking for examples of text evidence might come naturally to us as adults, it’s something that we had to learn at some point. Why is it important for students to cite textual evidence? Video is the new “text” We want them to show their audience that they know what they are talking about that they can back up their argument with evidence. Similarly, when we ask students to cite textual evidence in their writing to support their own claims, we ask them to strengthen their claims by providing proof. How is the author supporting their claims? Equally as important, we teach them to seek greater understanding by deepening what they know about the topic. When we teach students to look for and cite text evidence, we are teaching them to check out if the claims made in a piece of text seem legitimate. ![]() This is how I know.” Why teach students to find text evidence? Looking for textual evidence is like asking an author: “How do you know?” Text evidence says to the reader: “Here’s proof. We also often look for evidence when determining if a source is reliable or if an argument makes sense. It helps them prove their point and make their argument stronger in the classroom. Students are often asked to include text evidence when writing an essay. Textual evidence is a piece of information that an author or content creator uses to support their idea or opinion. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.Administrators: Schedule a call What is text evidence? Farnan (Eds.), Content Area reading and Learning: Instructional Strategies (2nd ed.). Identifying and Teaching Text Structures in Content Area Classrooms. Teaching Expository Text Structure Awareness. Retrieved March 26, 2008, from ĭymock, S. Text organization and its relation to reading comprehension: A synthesis of research. Eugene, OR: National Center to Improve the Tools of Educators. This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, explains the solution, and then discusses the effects of the solution.ĭickson, S. In another book, steps involved in harvesting blue crabs might be told. This text structure gives readers a chronological of events or a list of steps in a procedure.Įxample: A book about the American revolution might list the events leading to the war. ![]() This type of text examines the similarities and differences between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc.Įxample: A book about ancient Greece may explain how the Spartan women were different from the Athenian women. This structure presents the causal relationship between a specific event, idea, or concept and the events, ideas, or concept that follow.Įxample: Weather patterns could be described that explain why a big snowstorm occurred. This type of text structure features a detailed description of something to give the reader a mental picture.Įxample: A book may tell all about whales or describe what the geography is like in a particular region. Have students diagram these structures using a graphic organizer.Have students try write paragraphs that follow a specific text structure.Model the writing of a paragraph that uses a specific text structure.Examine topic sentences that clue the reader to a specific structure.Show examples of paragraphs that correspond to each text structure.To use the text structure strategy teachers should: Introduce and model using a graphic organizer to chart the text structure. Introduce the following common text structures (see the chart below for more detailed information):Ĥ.Introduce the idea that texts have organizational patters called text structures. ![]()
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